:root {
  --ink: #0a0a0a;
  --body: #1a1a1a;
  --muted: #5a5a5a;
  --kicker: #6b6b6b;
  --rule: #d8d8d8;
  --rule-strong: #0a0a0a;
  --paper: #fbfbfa;
  --panel: #f3f3f1;
  --fill: #ecece8;
  --max: 42.5rem;
  --page: 76rem;
  --font-display: "Source Serif 4", Cambria, Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-body: "Source Sans 3", Calibri, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 4.25rem;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--body);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
a { color: var(--ink); text-underline-offset: 0.14em; }
a:hover { color: var(--muted); }

/* --- Chrome -------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 92%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.site-header-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  max-width: var(--page);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--kicker);
}

.header-title {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.breadcrumbs ol {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
}

.breadcrumbs li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--kicker);
}

.breadcrumbs li:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: "/";
  margin: 0 0.55em;
  color: var(--rule);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.breadcrumbs a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

.breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.header-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.15rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.header-links a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.header-links a:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

.header-rings {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: -18px;
  width: 160px;
  height: 88px;
  color: #cfcfcb;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-top: 4rem;
}

.site-footer-inner {
  max-width: var(--page);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem 2.5rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--kicker);
}

.site-footer a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-footer a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* --- Cover --------------------------------------------------------------- */

.cover {
  position: relative;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 2.6rem);
  max-width: var(--page);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2.4rem 1.5rem 3.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}

.cover-mark {
  width: 3.35rem;
  height: 3.35rem;
}

.cover-rings {
  position: absolute;
  top: -2.5rem;
  right: -3rem;
  width: min(52vw, 28rem);
  color: #d2d2ce;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.cover .kicker {
  margin: 18vh 0 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--kicker);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.cover h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 7vw, 4.35rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.cover-rule {
  width: min(100%, 36rem);
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1.5px solid var(--rule-strong);
  margin: 1.35rem 0 1.1rem;
}

.subtitle {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 46rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.cover-footer {
  position: relative;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 8rem;
}

.dot-field {
  width: 7.5rem;
  color: #c8c8c3;
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}

.cover-byline {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.cover-byline a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.cover-byline a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 0.16em; }

.cover-byline strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; }

.cover-meta {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--kicker);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

/* --- Layout -------------------------------------------------------------- */

.page-shell {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 16.5rem minmax(0, var(--max));
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 3rem;
  max-width: var(--page);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem 4rem;
}

.rail {
  position: sticky;
  top: 4.2rem;
  align-self: start;
  max-height: calc(100vh - 5rem);
  overflow: auto;
  padding-right: 0.5rem;
}

.rail-label {
  margin: 0 0 0.7rem;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--kicker);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.rail-toc,
.toc {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.rail-toc a,
.toc a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  padding: 0.22rem 0;
  border-left: 1px solid transparent;
}

.rail-toc a:hover,
.toc a:hover,
.rail-toc a[aria-current="true"] {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.toc-l1 { font-weight: 600; color: var(--body); margin-top: 0.45rem; }
.toc-l2 { padding-left: 0.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.toc-l3 { padding-left: 1.35rem; }

.paper {
  min-width: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
}

.paper h1,
.paper h2,
.paper h3 {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  line-height: 1.18;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.paper h1 {
  font-size: 2.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 2.6rem 0 0.85rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.55rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.paper h1:first-child { margin-top: 0; }

.paper h2 {
  font-size: 1.38rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  margin: 1.9rem 0 0.65rem;
}

.paper h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: 1.4rem 0 0.45rem;
}

.paper p {
  margin: 0 0 0.95rem;
}

.glossary-item strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.glossary-item {
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  text-indent: -1.15rem;
}

#references ~ p,
p[id^="ref-"] {
  padding-left: 1.4rem;
  text-indent: -1.4rem;
}

.paper p + p { margin-top: 0; }

.contents {
  margin: 2.2rem 0 2.6rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.contents h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  border: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.contents .toc {
  column-width: 18rem;
  column-gap: 2rem;
}

.contents .toc a { font-size: 0.92rem; padding: 0.18rem 0; }

.callout {
  margin: 1.4rem 0 1.6rem;
  padding: 0.95rem 1.1rem 0.95rem 1.15rem;
  background: var(--panel);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.35;
}

blockquote {
  margin: 1.2rem 0;
  padding: 0.2rem 0 0.2rem 1rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--ink);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

figure {
  margin: 1.6rem 0 1.8rem;
}

figure img {
  width: 100%;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

figcaption,
.caption {
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 1.4rem 0 1.7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

caption {
  caption-side: bottom;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem 0.2rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

th, td {
  vertical-align: top;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.7rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-align: left;
}

thead th {
  background: var(--fill);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }

.display-math {
  margin: 1.15rem 0 1.35rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
}

.toc-toggle {
  display: none;
}

.mobile-toc {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .page-shell {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, var(--max));
  }
  .rail { display: none; }
  .toc-toggle {
    display: block;
    position: fixed;
    right: 1rem;
    bottom: 1rem;
    z-index: 30;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    font: 600 0.78rem/1 var(--font-body);
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.9rem;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .mobile-toc {
    display: block;
    position: fixed;
    inset: auto 0.75rem 3.6rem auto;
    width: min(24rem, calc(100vw - 1.5rem));
    max-height: 70vh;
    overflow: auto;
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 1rem 1.1rem 1.2rem;
    z-index: 29;
  }
  .mobile-toc[hidden] { display: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  body { font-size: 1rem; }
  .cover { padding-top: 1.5rem; min-height: 92vh; }
  .cover .kicker { margin-top: 12vh; }
  .paper h1 { font-size: 1.7rem; }
  .site-header-inner, .site-footer-inner { padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; }
  .header-author { display: none; }
  .breadcrumbs li:first-child { display: none; }
  .header-links { gap: 0.85rem; }
}

.cite-this {
  margin-top: 3.5rem;
  padding-top: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
}

.cite-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--kicker);
}

.cite-this h2 {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.cite-apa,
.cite-chicago {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: var(--body);
}

.cite-note {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.cite-this cite {
  font-style: italic;
}

.cover-meta a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

.cite-downloads {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.25rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cite-downloads a {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  padding-bottom: 0.12rem;
}

.cite-bibtex {
  margin-top: 1.1rem;
}

.cite-bibtex summary {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--kicker);
}

.cite-bibtex pre {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  background: var(--panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  overflow: auto;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  white-space: pre;
}

@media print {
  .site-header, .rail, .toc-toggle, .mobile-toc, .cover-rings, .header-rings { display: none !important; }
  .cover { min-height: auto; page-break-after: always; }
  .page-shell { display: block; padding: 0; }
  a { text-decoration: none; }
  .callout, .table-wrap, figure { break-inside: avoid; }
  .cite-downloads, .cite-bibtex { display: none; }
}